Two Killdeer standing on the ground, one with tail raised

The Surprising Meaning Behind a Killdeer’s Tail Flagging Display

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Two Killdeer in a field with one bird performing a tail flagging display
Two Killdeer stand in a winter field as one bird raises its tail in a tail flagging display.

Killdeer tail flagging is a behavior I photographed in December at the Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma, when one bird repeatedly raised its tail while standing near another in an open winter field.

At the time, I wasn’t sure what I was seeing. My first assumption was that the display might be related to mating, but that didn’t make sense given the season. After researching the behavior, I learned it matched a cloacal display, also known as tail flagging, which is described as a common distraction and signaling behavior in Killdeer by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology.

I had previously photographed Killdeer at the refuge during other visits, including an earlier encounter that helped me recognize how varied their behavior can be outside of breeding season.

Territorial Marking Through Tail Flagging

By raising their tail and exposing bright white feathers, Killdeer establish their claim on an area and warn off any trespassers. The contrast against the winter landscape makes the signal even more visible.

Predator Diversion Using a Cloacal Display

Similar to the “broken-wing” act, the cloacal display can distract predators by drawing their attention to the seemingly vulnerable rear end. This diversion gives the Killdeer precious time to escape or protect their nest.

Social Signaling Between Killdeer

Some researchers believe the display might also play a role in social interactions between Killdeer, conveying dominance or even a form of greeting.

It’s amazing how these little birds utilize various behaviors to navigate their winter world. While it’s tempting to interpret everything as mating-related, understanding the broader context of their actions reveals the fascinating tapestry of their survival strategies.

Two Killdeer standing on the ground, one with tail raised
Two Killdeer stand on open ground while one bird displays raised tail feathers toward the other.

Remember, observing wildlife is best done with a respectful distance and a curious mind. Let’s appreciate the wonders of nature without interfering with their natural rhythms. (I was parked on the auto tour road, photographing from my truck.)

I am always learning something new about wildlife, and this encounter with the Killdeer was no exception. Every time I get out with my camera, I’m reminded of how much is still left to discover.

Image Information (First Image):

  • Date: 12/14/24
  • Time: 12:19 PM
  • Camera: Canon EOS R5
  • Lens: Canon RF 100-500mm F4.5-7.1 L IS USM
  • ISO: 1600
  • Aperture: 10
  • Shutter: 1/2000
  • Exp. Comp.: +0.3
  • Lens (mm): 500
  • Program Mode: Manual

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